許其正:海祭

作者:許其正
海浪的起落,好似白色的馬鬃翻飛,高高低低,十分壯觀。(Fotolia)
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海祭正進行著。就在海邊沙灘上。

此刻,天色陰霾,微顯燥熱,蒼穹有著大塊大塊烏雲,展布四面八方,雖然無雨,卻給人一種悲愁、憂鬱和不快之感。向海的方向,海在天之下,和天相對應著,從極遠的海天相連相混的地方,向沙灘直撲而來。那是一塊蔚藍的超大型地毯,順著距離的遠近,其蔚藍的深度也向沙灘的方向逐步遞減,由深籃而淺藍而灰藍。靠近沙灘的地方,因為此時風力不大,海浪只是不住地來回徘徊著,發出低微的響聲,像是喃喃自語,說夢話,低吟淺唱,和情人低低切切地訴說衷曲……其實最貼切的許是說口吐白沫不停地痛苦呻吟吧。

「祈求海神和祖先們多多保佑我們,大家平安健康,漁獲豐碩……」不管是主祭是陪祭,不論是男是女,拈了香的也罷,沒拈香的也行,這是每一個人的禱詞,殷切的期盼。它們可能從人們的口中說出來,也可能訴說在他們的內心深處。

「安息吧!」這是每個人心中對遭遇海難不幸者的慰語。和他們的禱詞期盼一樣,可能已經說了出來,也可能訴說在他們內心深處。

就整個地球來說,海域面積本來就大,占了百分之七十以上,遠大於陸地很多,其蘊藏的資源,包括魚類和礦產,其豐富的程度想當然必定遠遠超過陸地很多,可任人取之不盡,用之不竭。雖說「近山靠山,近海靠海」;但是,把陸地和海域各自所擁有的面積和資源相比較,再笨的人都知道,與其耕田不如耕海,與其種地不如討海。只是事實上大家卻多耕田而少耕海,種地而少討海。為什麼?主要原因乃是陸地上較平穩,危險性少,海域卻不平穩,恆常搖擺不定,人在其上,即使乘船,仍如浮萍,無根地在海上飄搖,平常就這樣了,何況遭遇情況?譬如遭遇颱風,遭遇海嘯,那時波濤便要洶湧不已,有時聲震天地,浪高好幾丈,超過好幾層樓,人在船上,別說一般人,即使是老船員,都要被搖晃震盪顛簸得昏沈不適,甚至死去活來,嘔吐不禁,連膽汁都嘔吐出來,至於因此而觸礁沉船,多少人因此喪命,多少夫妻因此被拆散,多少和樂家庭因此被破壞,令人見之聞而心驚膽顫,委頓觳觫。

人在怒海之前,真是倍覺渺小,無能為力,只能夠徒嘆無奈。顯然討海要比在陸地上討生活會辛苦危險太多。那是拿人的生命去拚的!漁獲是不確定的,海難也是不確定的。是船遭遇了颱風、暴雨、海嘯,碰觸了暗礁?還是霧太濃迷失了航道?……都有可能。人總是把想不通的或不確定的歸諸鬼神,「賴」上鬼神。這是宗教之所以形成的主要原因。越是危險的地方廟宇越多,理由就在這裡。常見山裡和海邊廟宇比一般平地多,主要不外是這道理。海邊漁村廟宇之多則常常冠於整個寰宇。

海祭之由來,主要也是漁獲和海難的不確定性,令人憂慮驚恐。

於是,海祭呈現了:焚香、祭拜、追念、祈禱、相撲、牽罟……許是氣氛肅穆,許是舒緩心情,許是鍛鍊身體,許是熟練技能……工程或許浩大,也或許「勞師動眾」,也或許「繁文縟節」;其實還是象徵意義較大,簡而言之,不外在超度遭遇海難不幸者的亡魂,使能獲得安息,祈求海神和祖先們多多保佑大家平安健康,漁獲豐碩……。

「安息吧!」這是人們的禱詞,殷切的期盼,飄浮在他們的心中,也飄浮在各處空間,像沙灘外海浪所發出低低的微響:「祈求海神和祖先多多保佑大家平安健康,漁獲豐碩……。」

隨著時光的流逝,暮色漸次來臨,蒼穹中的烏雲和暝色同步而行,越來越濃,把大地和海面淹沒,把海祭淹沒……

Hold a Memorial Ceremony for the Sea   Hsu ChiCheng

The memorial for sea is progressing. It’s on the sandy beach.
At this moment, it’s cloudy the sky, and dry and hot, the clouds spread on the sky a block after a block, unfold far and near, though it’s no rain, but it delivers the feeling of sad, gloomy and unhappy. Looking toward the direction of the sea, the sea is located under the sky, corresponds to the sky, pounces on the sandy beach from the place of extreme far which connects with sea and sky. It’s a piece of super blue carpet follows the distance, the depth of the blue is also gradually decrease toward the sandy beach, from deep blue to light blue and grey blue. Near the sandy beach, due to the feeble of the wind, the spray just strolls to and fro ceaselessly, sends off low and small sound, likes murmur, somniloquy, recites in low voice, expresses the heartfelt emotion with low and deep voice…in fact, the appropriate may be a moan froth at the mouth ceaselessly with agony.
“Wishing the sea god and ancestors bless us, let us safe and health, crop in fishing…” no matter he is the officiate at funeral or accompany, no matter he is the male or female, may incense or no, this is the words of prayer of everyone, the ardent hope of every one. They may say from the mouth, may tell within the depth of their inner heart.
“Be rest!” This is the word of console every one in his inner heart to the person who meets the misfortune of marine perils. This is the same word of prayer, may they tell, and also tell within their inner hearts.
As far as the earth, the sea area is larger originally, above 70%, is far lager than land for many times, enclosed the fish and mineral reserves the resources it contains as it should be the level is surely larger far beyond than on the land quite a lot, be inexhaustible in supply and always available for use. Though we say “rely to the mountain as near the mountain, rely the sea as near the sea”; but, we compare with area and resources of the land and sea area, whoever will knows whatever how foolish he is that, it’s better for you to plow the sea than to plow the field, it’s better to ask the sea for you to plant the land. But in fact we all plow the field and less to plow the sea, to plant the land and less to ask the sea. Why? The most important reason is that it’s more stable on the land, less danger, the sea area is unstable, always blow hot and cold, a person on board, floating on the sea likes a duckweed rootless, is usually, let alone to meet the special circumstance? For example, to meet typhoon, to meet tsunami, the breakers surging incessantly, some times the sound of the exploding shakes whole the world, the wave high raises onto several layers, surpasses several floors, a person on board even the old sailor, let alone ordinary person, will feel terribly dizzy and not comfortable from swaying and shaking and jolting, even dead nearly, can no help vomiting, even spits out the bile, till bumps into the submerged reef and sinking the ship therefore, how many persons will be lost their life, how many married couples will be broken therefore, how many harmony families will be destroyed therefore, let’s tremble with fear on hearing it, listless and shiver.
In front of the raging sea, a person is truly tiny, can not do anything to help, just sigh in vain. It’s apparently that to ask the sea is more toilsome and danger than to ask life on the land. It’s to make a desperate fight! The crop in fishing is uncertain, and also the misfortune of marine. Is the ship meet with the typhoon, rainstorm, tsunami, bump into the submerged reef? Or is the ship lost its voyage because of the fog is too dense? …all are possible. We always shameless the god or ghost to be blamed while we meet the thing which we can’t know or ascertain. This is the main cause the religion is formed. The reason is here: the more the danger the more the temple. We often view that the temple at the area of mountain and sea side are more than the area of flat ground, the reason is this primary factor. The temples at the fishing villa often crowns whole the world.
The origin of the memorial ceremony for the sea, mainly is the thing which we can’t know or ascertain, makes us worry and fear.
So, the memorial ceremony for the sea appears: burn incense, worship, commemorate, pray, sumo, pull net…may severe in air, may unfold frame of mind, may physical exercise, may skilled craft…The construction work may grand, may waste so much cow and money, may prolix style and hackneyed rites; in fact, it’s greater in the meaning of the symbolic meaning, in short, not beyond to expiate the sins of the dead who meets the misfortune of marine perils, let them be rest, Wishing the sea god and ancestors bless all of us safe and health, crop in fishing…
“Rest!” This is the words of the pray, ardent expectation, floating in their mind, and also floating every space, likes the feeble sound of the spray outside the sandy beach:” Wishing the sea god and ancestors bless all of us safe and health, crop in fishing…”
Follows the passes of the time, the twilight comes slowly, the clouds and the dusk march together, more and more dense, cover the earth and sea surface, cover the memorial ceremony for the sea…

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